C55 Nutritional Requirements
C56 Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, And Adolescents
Breastfeeding
Breast milk contains all the required nutrients (except vitamin D and vitamin K) for infants up to 6 months of age.
- Colostrum: the first milk produced during late pregnancy until 3–4 days postpartum; rich in proteins and immunoglobulins
- Mature milk is composed of:
- Proteins, lactose and oligosaccharides, fats, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins
- Proteins and cells that provide passive immunity in neonates
- Immunoglobulins (secretory IgA), lactoferrin, lysozymes
- Lymphocytes, macrophages
- Bifidobacteria that contribute to the neonate’s gastrointestinal flora
- Vitamin supplementation (exclusively breastfed infants)
- Vitamin D: 400 IU per day
- Iron
- 1 mg per kg of body weight per day in term infants from 4 months of age until the start of iron rich food
- 2 mg per kg of body weight per day in preterm infants from 1 month to 12 months of age
C57 Nutrition, Food Security, And Health
C58 Refeeding Syndrome
C59 Malnutrition
C60 Overweight And Obesity
C61 Vitamin A Deficiencies And Excess
C62 Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies And Excess
C63 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency And Excess
C64 Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) And Excess
Metaphysial widening with cupping and fraying
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