Plasma and interstitial fluid exchange
REDUCTION OF EFFECTIVE ARTERIAL VOLUME
RENAL FACTORS AND THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
ARGININE VASOPRESSIN
ENDOTHELIN-1
NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
CLINICAL CAUSES OF EDEMA
| Primary mechanism | Clinical examples |
| Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure | HF (LV & cor pulmonale) Primary renal sodium retention (renal disease & drugs) Venous obstruction (eg, cirrhosis & venous insufficiency) |
| Decreased capillary oncotic pressure (hypoalbuminemia) | Protein loss (eg, nephrotic syndrome & protein-losing entropathy) Decreased albumin synthesis (eg, cirrhosis & malnutrition) |
| Increased capillary permeability | Burns, trauma & sepsis Allergic reactions ARDS Malignant ascites |
| Lymphatic obstruction/increased interstitial oncotic pressure | Malignant ascites Hypothyroidism Lymph node dissection |
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