Pulmonic stenosis
Pathophysiology
Congenital (usually isolated defect)
Rarely acquired (eg, carcinoid)
Symptoms
Severe: right-sided heart failure in childhood
Mild: symptoms (eg, dyspnea) in early adulthood
Physical findings
- Left upper sternal border (2nd ICS) systolic murmur
- Crescendo-decrescendo murmur (?on inspiration)
- Systolic ejection click & widened split of S2
- Echo/cardiac cath.
- Cath: RVOT? pul. artery? ?? ??? ?? ??
- But ???? ???? ??? ????
Laboratory examination
Treatment
??(?? ?? >50mmHg)? ? percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty
Surgical repair in some cases
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