Medical Archive

C616.1 Cerebral palsy

Epidemiology and etiology

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Preterm? m/c cause

#Terminology

• Monoplegia/monoparesis – Only one limb is affected.
• Diplegia/diparesis – When the legs and the lower body are more affected than the arms
• Hemiplegia/hemiparesis – The arm and leg on one side of the body are affected.
• Paraplegia/paraparesis – Only the legs are affected.
• Triplegia/triparesis – When 3 limbs are affected, or 2 limbs and the face
• Double hemiplegia/double hemiparesis – All four limbs are affected, but one side of the body is more affected than the other.
• Tetraplegia/tetraparesis – All 4 limbs are affected, but three limbs are more affected than the fourth.
• Quadriplegia/quadriparesis – All four limbs are impacted.
• Pentaplegia/pentaparesis – All four limbs involved, as well as the neck and head

Clinical manifestations

Spastic hemiplagia

• d/t cortical injury
• ??? + ???

Spastic diplegia/quadriplesia

1. The choroid plexus and germinal matrix are highly vascularized, does not mature until at least 35 weeks’ gestation.
2. Bleed easily in premature infants as a result of hypoxia
3. ?? ? 72hr ?? IVH
4. The blood in the ventricles obstructs the CSF flow, producing hydrocephalus
5. The periventricular white matter undergoes necrosis d/t the pressure from the hydrocephalus and the hypoxic-ischemic episodes.
   ? 1~3?? Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)

Athetoid CP

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  • Dyskinetic or extrapyramidal
  • Hypotonic and become rigid with dystonic movements over years.
• d/t damage of the basal ganglia
  • may result from kernicterus, asphyxia, or genetic/metabolic diseases.

Diagnosis

Treatment

C616.2 Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies

C616.3 Other Encephalopathies

C616.4 Autoimmune Encephalitis